China embeds systemic industrial policy and green transition goals; G‑20 spat spotlights trade frictions

Analyses show China’s industrial policy now spans upstream inputs to downstream applications, prioritizing self-reliance and dominance across critical value chains. A July 2026 five‑year plan targets peaking industrial CO2 by 2030 alongside efficiency gains and zero‑carbon factories, while a G‑20 dispute over the term “non‑market” underscored rising tensions with the U.S. and EU.